Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin is the man who shaped our perspective about current advancement. He proposed and clarified the hypothesis of regular choice and the hypothesis of natural selection. So as to completely comprehend the contemporary transformative hypothesis, we should completely comprehend Charles Darwin's initial hypothesis. In this article, I will clarify the total foundation of Charles Darwin to the peruser, disclose his journey to HMS Beagle, and examine his hypothesis of characteristic choice. Charles Robert Darwin, originator of Evolution, was conceived in the English wide open on February 12, 1809. Charles Darwin was conceived on February 12, 1809. Charles Darwin was battling at school as a kid. In 1825 Charles turned into a fortunate individual and went to the clinical division. Darwin is a British researcher who assembled the establishment of advancement and changed our perspective on the common world. Charles Darwin is a disclosure of transformative science hypothesis. Charles Darwin is hitched to his cousin Emma Darwin for a long time. - until this point in time, Charles Darwin has altered the science that cutting edge society knows well. He is liable for the advancement that individuals are as yet encountering today. Conceived in England on February 12, 1809, he turned into the fifth offspring of Dr. Robert and the Susanna Darwin family. He has three sisters and one sibling. As his dad prevailing as a specialist and his mom had a place with the Wedgwood family, the Darwin family is viewed as rich. Charles Darwin was conceived in Shrewsbury, England. Charles Darwin's granddad is a naturalist, a rationalist, and a specialist Erasmus Darwin, and he has distributed four volumes of his articles, remembering his perspectives for species advancement. Charles Darwin's dad is likewise a specialist and I trust his child will acquire the family's custom. At sixteen years old, Darwin was sent to the University of Edinburgh to examine medication. Darwin is progressively intrigued by his zoology and geography courses. In the end, his dad removed him from Edinburgh and sent him to Cambridge to contemplate philosophy. Charles Darwin Charles Darwin is the man who framed our perspective about present day development. He proposed and clarified the hypothesis of regular determination and the hypothesis of natural selection. So as to completely comprehend the contemporary developmental hypothesis, we should completely comprehend Charles Darwin's initial hypothesis. In this article, I will clarify the total foundation of Charles Darwin to the peruser, disclose his journey to HMS Beagle, and talk about his hypothesis of common choice. Charles Robert Darwin, originator of Evolution, was conceived in the English wide open on February 12, 1809. Charles Darwin was conceived on February 12, 1809. Charles Darwin was battling at school as a kid. In 1825 Charles turned into a fortunate individual and went to the clinical office. Darwin is a British researcher who constructed the establishment of advancement and changed our perspective on the normal world. Charles Darwin is a disclosure of transformative science hypothesis. Charles Darwin is hitched to his cousin Emma Darwin for a long time. - until this point in time, Charles Darwin has altered the science that advanced society knows well. He is liable for the development that individuals are as yet encountering today. Conceived in England on February 12, 1809, he turned into the fifth offspring of Dr. Robert and the Susanna Darwin family. He has three sisters and one sibling. As his dad prevailing as a specialist and his mom had a place with the Wedgwood family, the Darwin family is viewed as affluent. Charles Darwin was conceived in Shrewsbury, England. Charles Darwin's granddad is a naturalist, a logician, and a specialist Erasmus Darwin, and he has distributed four volumes of his articles, remembering his perspectives for species advancement. Charles Darwin's dad is likewise a specialist and I trust his child will acquire the family's custom. At sixteen years old, Darwin was sent to the University of Edinburgh to consider medication. Darwin is progressively inspired by his zoology and topography courses. In the end, his dad removed him from Edinburgh and sent him to Cambridge to contemplate religious philosophy.

Government in Canada should continue to fund and support supervised Research Paper

Government in Canada should proceed to store and bolster managed medicate infusion locales - Research Paper Example Open has picked up mindfulness with respect to the treatment and safe utilization of the medications (RCMP, 1969). Patients of these offices are called â€Å"off the street† clients henceforth diminishing open use. Patients here are compelled to utilize disinfected syringes accordingly limiting the threat of spread of infection starting with one someone who is addicted then onto the next. Another profit by this office is that they permit their clients to go into a Detox program. The office forestalls persistent frm overdosing and regardless of whether they do they are under management and great social insurance. (RCMP, 1969) Vancouver’s Insite was the principal administered infusion locales in North America. It was set up in 2003 to serve the infusion sedate clients in huge number. They serve by giving disinfected needles and a sterile spot for the medication addicts to utilize hard medications. The room in Insite comprises of 12 corners where attendants help you to dis cover vein and infuse appropriately under clinical watch. Medical caretakers further assistance patients to channel tranquilizes with the goal that they can stay away from overdoses. They give wellbeing offices to the destitute and sufferers.400 overdoses have been accounted for in the facility yet none passed on. Advocates are available to help patients who need to completely change them. Vancouver’s Insite has 275,000 guests yearly costing government around $500,000 notwithstanding financial plan dispensed commonly. (Anthony, 2006) The Canadian Expert Advisory Committee in 2008 assessment of Insite reasoned that every year 108 lives are spared by the office. Medication Free Australia pronounces that the European Monitoring Center EMCDDA method, applied with Canadian suppositions and information offer path to similar discoveries. Canadian heroin passings in 2002-3 was nearly equivalent to Australia’s (958 casualty from more than 80,000 minimized heroin clients) and demise rates for 2006-07, as indicated by Drug Free Australia has been changed definitely. Moreover, Expert Advisory Committee accept that a normal Canadian heroin fiend infuses multiple times in a day so 100 Canadian heroin addicts would aggregately infuse multiple times in a year. Insite would dismiss the casualty of the one infusion in 146,000 infusions which would in all probability be lethal. (Popova, 2006) Insite was given a sacred exception from the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act in 2003, by the liberal Government allowing the clien ts and the laborers to avoid criminal offenses while working at or profiting the office. Wellbeing Canada offered money related help to the program assessing it as a pilot plot in hurt decrease. This exception lapsed in 2008 where the traditionalist government would not broaden the exclusion from the demonstration. Wellbeing Minister Tony Clement contended that the protected infusion locales are preoccupations from treatment. (Anthony, 2006) The Supreme Court in September 2011 reported that Vancouver's Insite can remain open. The court expressed that it would be an infringement to the Charter of Right and Freedom on the off chance that they don’t permit the Insite facilities to work. Request was passed for the Federal Minister of wellbeing to give an exception from Controlled Drugs and Substances Act right away. The Supreme Court was persuaded by confirmation that medication addicts are essentially

Books to Read if You Love TV

Books to Read if You Love TV I love TV. As a guilty pleasure, as a hobby, as an academic subject, and honestly,  as a close friend. I think it is one of the most important and powerful mediums, especially these days when it is consumed so widely and quickly. And I love reading about TV a lot. These are some books I have liked, ranging from essay collections to edited volumes on particular TV shows. These arent like how to become a TV writer type books (if you know of some, holla) but more meditative or research based. Ranging from works by journalists to biographers to academics to really big fans, I think these books each give a particular lens to television and the show (or shows) they are invested in. Emily Nussbaum, The New Yorkers TV Critic, just published a collection of criticism,   I Like to Watch.  It is a mark of a great critic when I can read criticism of a show I have never watched, or even been that interested in, and jump right in. Her criticism is about TV yes, but also explores why we watch and why we love it. Her essay on #metoo and her own teenage obsession with Woody Allen is thought provoking. I also love the wide range-sure she writes about The Sopranos and other peak tv but she also writes about Sex and the City, Jane the Virgin, and Vanderpump Rules. It is an amazing book and you can feel the earnest love for Television as art in every page. Screwball Television: Critical Perspectives on Gilmore Girls. This is an edited academic volume (stay with me) published 6 years before Gilmore Girls A Year in the Life came to Netflix and collectively ruined Rory Gilmore. Here, you can read about depictions of Asian American women, the role of bibliophilia, and Stars Hollow as American Exceptionalism. The authors clearly love Gilmore Girls but were aware of the blind spots and contributions years before I was at least. In My Humble Opinion: My So Called Life by Soraya Roberts is a delightful little book (from the Pop Classics series) mediating on the importance of Angela Chase and Jordan Catalano is our collective consciousness. Its great fun and also a good short read. The Dark Fantastic: Race and the Imagination from Harry Potter to the Hunger Games by Ebony Elizabeth Thomas isnt only about Television (movies too) but her discussions of race in both The Vampire Diaries and Merlin are amazing. Even if you arent a part of #bachelornation, Amy Kaufmans Bachelor Nation: Inside the World of Americas Favorite Guilty Pleasure is a great look at why the Bachelor franchise has such staying power. As a journalist who covered the Bachelor for ages (and got banned by ABC) Kaufman has gotten lots of inside details from contestants, producers, celebrities, etc about the show and what it is like to be on it. But what I think is even more interesting is her examination of the cultural fascination with the bachelor. Why do we watch this? What does it say about our expectations of romance, of entertainment, of TV? Its a great book. The Good Neighbor: The Life and Work of Fred Rogers by Maxwell King will probably induce both nostalgia and tears. Unlike the other books I have suggested here, this is of course a biography and focuses on Fred Rogers life both before and after Mr. Rogers. But in learning more about Rogers life, his character seems even more and real important. This isnt to say that Rogers was Mr. Rogers, but that he put himself into developing Mr. Rogers and making television for kids in a really profound way.

The Second Rape Essay - 1024 Words

The Second Rape We live in a world where rape is common and is normalized to be part of a behavior and not a crime. Women are often given tips on how to avoid being raped or how to defend themselves from being rape (Gerdes). Society, in fact, is making people understand rape and cope around it when it’s unacceptable. Once society acknowledges that rape is bound to happen to any woman, rapists tend to blame the victim. There are several factors in which rape victims are being held responsible for the crime and not the rapist. Rape is a crime of sexual violence that can cause â€Å"long-term emotional devastation† in a victim although some victims may respond to it differently (Williams, 16). Victims of this act can also face†¦show more content†¦Rapists are known to use â€Å"victim blaming† as their foremost reason into why the rape happened. Certainly one of the many myths men believe in that women consent to being raped, thinking is part of a women’s desires. There may be some women who do indeed enjoy this â€Å"fantasy† act of being â€Å"raped†. Timothy Beneke states that â€Å"no woman wants to be raped in a way that she has no control†. All women are not alike but indeed this might increase and convince people that women will enjoy being raped. There is a theory called the cultural spill over, which is based on the idea that â€Å"rape may be influenced by the implicit or explicit approval of violence in various areas of life such as education, the mass media, or sports† (Baron, 8). When society portrays sexual violence that can lead to a good outcome (such as pornography) it can create an illusion that violence against women is acceptable (Baron, 8). Many times in the mass media women will fake that she does not want to have intercourse, but in reality she is hoping the man will force her into having some kind of sexual act. â€Å"A high percentage of non-incarcerated rapists and child molesters have said that they have been incited by pornography to commit crimes† (Frey). This scenario can easily be misleading and is a common excuse rapist may use. People also believe that rape can occur only to women who live the â€Å"wrong way†, those whoShow MoreRelatedShould Women Carry Concealed Weapons On College Campuss1750 Words   |  7 Pagesopened her eyes. Lindquist’s rape changed her as she brought out a message for the women who get raped and nothing was done about it: â€Å"my right to self-defense should not be up for debate† ( Lindquist ). For this reason, the Wayzata Legislative should pass a bill where women should be allowed to carry concealed weapons on college campuses with legal permits and citizenship to provide a way of self-defense, to prevent women from suffering from PTSD, and finally second amendment rights should existRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Assault On College Campuses1610 Words   |  7 Pagestreatment of sexual victimization is prevalent on campuses nationwide, research has neglected to explore the effect the assault has on academic performance (Faravelli, Guigni, Salvatori, Ric ci, 2004). Can being sexually victimized within the first or second semester of a female’s freshman year of college negatively impact academic performance? Current research has shown that several feelings such as shock and confusion immediately after the assault can later lead to posttraumatic stress disorder, depressionRead MoreThe Rape Of Rape And Sexual Intercourse Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesIn this type of scenario, first I thought it wasn’t rape, but after reading all details and her date being aggressive towards her to have sexual intercourse leads to force rape. According to law he will get convicted of rape if she clearly said no. In a similar way, if her date was unconscious and she force him to have sexual intercourse it also count as a rape, because law is equal for all even though it’s rare. In this particular case she also has some poor judgements, when she provided alcoholRead MoreRape And The Justice System1692 Words   |  7 PagesAlexandra Grishaw Social Problems Ellis 4 April. 2016 Missoula: Rape and the Justice System in a College Town Rape is one of the most violent crime known to man. It is also one of the most challenging to bring to court. Considering that rape and consensual sex can hold the exact same evidence aka DNA evidence. The book Missoula: Rape and the Justice system in a college town by John Krakauer, goes so far in depth about the rapes that some women endured while attending the University of MontanaRead MoreStop the Sexual Violence! A Reading Responce to Sexual Violence is a Crime, Sometimes by Maya Mikdashi883 Words   |  4 PagesMarital rape has been a very prevalent issue in Lebanon, and the civil law exempts the husband who attempts marital rape. Although marriage grants both partners rights to each other’s bodies, this doesn’t mean that the man has the right to sexually abuse his wife without being punished. In this article the author’s purpose is to persuade readers, specifically the Lebanese citizens that marital rape is like any kind of rape. She lists several countries that consider marital rape a criminalRead MoreThe Sociology Of Rape Culture1524 Words   |  7 Pagestheory, rape culture is a setting in which rape is pervasive and normalized due to societal attitudes about gender and sexuality. The sociology of rape culture is studied academically by feminists. There is disagreement over what defines a rape culture and as to whether any given societies meet the criteria to be considered a rape culture. The notion of rape culture has been used to describe and explain behavior within social groups, including prison rape, and in conflict areas where war rape is usedRead More Rape Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pageswomen were the victim of a rape or sexual assault† (RAINN 1). And one more statistic that might get your attention is that only 37% of rapes are reporte d to the authorities (RAINN 2). Fortunately, there are ways to drastically reduce these numbers. For starters women need to know what constitutes rape. Second women need to know how to prevent rape before it starts, and lastly women need to know what to do if they are raped. According to the book Our Bodies Our Selves, rape is defined as â€Å"†¦any kindRead More Statutory Rape Essay example1092 Words   |  5 Pages Statutory Rape Laws The term â€Å"statutory rape† is used when the government considers people under a certain age to be unable to give consent to sex and therefore consider sexual contact with them to be a rape. The age at which individuals are considered to give consent is called the age of consent. The age of consent can ranging from thirteen to twenty-one, depending on the limits set by each state in accordance with local standards of morality. Even sex that violates the age-of-consent laws butRead MoreSexual Assault And Consent Within The State Of South Carolina956 Words   |  4 Pagesgiven consent. In the state of South Carolina the laws for rape of a minor in the first degree is when a person has sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 11 and it carries a sentence of up to 30 years in prison according to South Carolina  § 16-3-655(cga.ct.gov. n.d.). Now second- degree criminal sexual conduct with a minor between the age of 11 and 14 carries up to 20 years in prison. Furthermore, if a person commits an adult rape in the state they can receive up to 20 years if it was determinedRead MoreThe Rape Shield Laws Truly Offer The Protection Of A Fair Trial961 Words   |  4 PagesRule 412 which is the state of Tennessee’s version of the rape shield law, is designed to protect the victims of rapes and sexual assaults. The protection offered by laws of this nature was to prevent the victims of these heinous assaults from being re-traumatized on the witness stand during cross examination from the alleged perpetrators (Brody Acker, 2010). Although I am an avid suppor ter of the right to a fair trial, I feel compelled to be the voice for those who are often subjected to constant

Philosophy Philosophy And Philosophy - 1292 Words

As a student at Richland college, I have never studied philosophy before, and I have heard very bizarre claims about what philosophy is. For that reason, I wanted to take a philosophy class so I can learn more about it. Due to lack of knowledge, I used to think philosophy as involving a kind of mystical significant, sometimes resulting from observing problems without solutions. In addition, sometimes I accustomed that philosophy is nothing more than a name that does nothing more than feelings of personal viewpoints made to seem more clever than they really are. Before registering for the class, I read some articles that have been written by some philosophers and I realized that they make researches which are based in reasons and facts. Since I started taking the class, I understood what philosophy really is. Philosophy, by meaning is love of wisdom. In a comprehensive sense, philosophy is an activity people assume when they seek to understand basic truths about themselves and the relationships to the worlds and to eachother. Like science, philosophy consists of a number of disciplines such as logic, metaphysics, political and so on that help understand the concept of the course clearly. In my opinion, philosophy is the only way to gain knowledge about the world around you in the sense that it opens your eyes and mind to many different ideas that can neither be proven nor disproven, that what philosophy is. You can believe what you want and as long as you can back it upShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Philosophy And Philosophy998 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy is the attempt at answering or understanding the questions that the being who is philosophizing yearns to know or wishes to understand. The importance of what the philosopher wishes to know or understand is not a determinate fact or in what it means to do philosophy. The act of doing philosophy is not defined by the subject of examination but by the driving passion of knowing and understanding. This means that an individual that wishes to know why a laptop is a laptop or why is it thatRead MorePhilosophy : Philosophy And Philosophy1035 Words   |  5 Pages As a student in Richland college, I have never studied philosophy before, and I have heard very bizarre claims about what philosophy is. For that reason, I wanted to take a philosophy class so I can learn more about it. Due to lack of knowledge, I used to think philosophy as involving a kind of mystical significant, sometimes resulting from observing problems without solutions. In addition, sometimes I accustomed that philosophy is nothing more than a name that does nothing more than feelings ofRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Philosophy And Philosophy1451 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy is recognized by the questions being asked, and the methods used to answer them. These questions are usually the ones that are open-ended, abstract, or the ones that lead to controversial answers. Due to the openness in philosophy, the uncertainty, there is not just one viewpoint that is completely accepted by all to be true. This leads to many disputes and conversations that are ultimately driven by th e core of philosophy, which is its latin translation, the love of wisdom. Now, theRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Philosophy Essay2033 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is philosophy? Philosophy could be defined in many ways, but I believe that the Oxford dictionary defines it best: â€Å"The study of the theoretical basis of a particular branch of knowledge or experience or a theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behaviour†. That definition basically encapsulates the entirety of what we have discussed during the time that we have been in this course. It covers the basic ideals of both eastern and western philosophy quite eloquently over the spanRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Philosophy1122 Words   |  5 Pagesof whether philosophy from hundreds of years ago, are still relevant to today and the society of which we live? The answer, simply put is yes. It is still relevant because we still do question everything, we still wonder about topics that were discussed b ack then, and because philosophy is the basis of critical thinking, a quality that is still useful today. We often ask questions, which in turn led us to the discovery of the discipline of philosophy. The primary reason for philosophy is to gainRead MorePhilosophy And The Modern Philosophy2035 Words   |  9 PagesUpon talking about the history of modern philosophy, one of the most important philosophers, who is considered as the father of the philosophy in this period, is Descartes. He was a pioneer for the movement of the new trend of philosophy and became a break between the medieval philosophy and the modern philosophy. Being educated in the environment of medieval philosophy, specifically in the school of Jesuits, Descartes received the system of scholastic philosophy as his foundation for making a new startRead MorePhilosophy And Its Importance Of Philosophy861 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy and Its Importance Doing philosophy as many philosophers demonstrate over time and in the present is to simply question the understanding of what is known and not known or accepted and unaccepted. This is to say, that philosophers must question all aspects of life and all the surrounding dimensions of the world. In doing so, the philosopher is trying to grasp a firmer or different understanding of the truth that is either presently or not presently known; whether comforting or not comfortingRead MorePlato, Philosophy, And Philosophy929 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Plato is philosophy, and philosophy, Plato.† – Ralph Waldo Emerson. This was the first quote I read regarding Plato when I first picked up the Great Dialogues of Plato, and turned it over to read the back cover. This quote struck me for some unknown reason and I instantly couldn’t wait to begin reading the dialogues of Plato and begin to understand why he is regarded as one of the great philosophers. The first pi ece I read, was The Apology, spoken by the great philosopher Socrates and writtenRead MorePhilosophy624 Words   |  3 PagesSurname Instructor Course Date Survey of Mexican Philosophical Thought The philosophy of the Mexicans is a production of philosophers from ancestries from Mexico, residing either within or outside the country. The general philosophy surfaced with the introduction of the first school by the Spanish conquerors, with teaching and publications on philosophical treaties. As such, it is critical to deny that these thinkers got education from the European schools, making it quite impossibleRead MorePhilosophy1334 Words   |  6 Pagescoworker to complete the tasks that were assigned to him. Political Philosophy Political philosophy is a major study area of philosophy. Searching for problems and solutions is political philosophy; the burdens that are problems for societies at that time are researched so that a solution can be addressed properly. One major area of study under the broad umbrella of philosophy is political philosophy. Political philosophy is always searching for a solution to the problems that burden societies

Alternative medicines for various forms of cancer Free Essays

Alternative medicine for cancer treatment are defined as a group of different healthcare and medical systems, procedures and products that are not part of the basic definition of conventional medicine( National Cancer Institute). Unlike complimentary alternative medicine, which can be used together with the conventional medicine for management of cancer, alternative medicine is used in solitary, without the inclusion of conventional medicine. In most cases however, people only result to alternative medicine use after conventional medicine has failed to achieve the desired results. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative medicines for various forms of cancer or any similar topic only for you Order Now When such happens, the disease is usually at a progressed stage, the effects of alternative medicine are usually minimal. Despite this however, the use of alternative is widespread across the world. In many cases however, it is difficult to make the difference between just what constitutes alternative medicine and complimentary medicine, since what may work for one patient may not necessarily work for another patient. However, before taking up non-conventional medicine, whether as an alternative measure or a complimentary one, cancer patients are advised to confirm with their oncologists The revelation that cancer has about 70 percent nutritional or environmental component some decades ago have led to the advent of non-medical healing approaches for cancer. However, since there is no known cure for cancer, just like the conventional medicine used to treat cancer, the alternative medicine either inhibit the growth of cancerous cells or reduce the side effects that arise when one uses a conventional medicines. Alternative medicines are used in various forms. Key among them is herbal remedies, special diets, vitamins and acupuncture. Other alternative therapies include homeopathy, ayurveda and shark cartilage, mainly used to manage pain after one has undergone conventional cancer treatments such as surgery or chemotherapy. The use of alternative medicine first started in North American but has also spread to other parts of the world as the benefits become more apparent (Rosenbaum, H. Ernest 117) The popularity of the alternative medicine has resulted in academic institutions taking up research to prove or disapprove the effectiveness alternative cancer remedies. The popularity has attracted attentions by governments. In 1992, the United States government through congress mandated the creation of the Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM); this office was later elevated to a center status in 1998 and renamed the Center for Complementary Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). This federal supported center is mandated with identifying alternative medicines, researching them and disseminating relevant information to the general population. The center is also charged with stipulating diagnostic, preventive and treatment modalities that apply to the alternative medicine sector. NCCAM works closely with the National Cancer Institute, which also has a cancer complementary Alternative Medicine (OCCAM) office that is involved in research regarding the role that alternative medicine play in cancer treatment (Rosenbaum 117). Dietary medicine Nutritional supplements and special anti-cancer diets are among the most prominent alternative therapies used for cancer treatment. The reasoning behind nutrition treating cancer thrives from the fact that vegetables and fruit are rich in dietary fiber and hence lowers one’s cancer risk. However, patients are also advised to avoid foods rich in dietary fats. Beyond what is supported by research findings, some people claim that some diets can actually cure some forms of cancer (Rosenbaum, 118) One of the diets touted as a feasible cancer treatment, although not backed by research is the macrobiotic diet (Horowitz, Joellyn Mitsuo Tomito). The Macrobiotics diet stresses the importance of avoiding animal proteins. Instead, the diet encourages people to eat meals containing 50 percentage whole grains, 25 percent vegetables, 7. 5 percent beans in addition to the consumption of sea weed and fruits, nuts and seeds. The diet also stresses the need for the patient to engage in physical exercises, reduce stress, and avoid exposure to pesticides and electromagnetic radiation (Horowitz and Mitsuo). The alleged anti cancer properties for the Macrobiotic diet according the American Institute for Cancer Research may be derived from the fact that consumption of whole cereals minimizes cancer risks in various body parts. For example eating seaweed regularly reduces the risk of breast cancer by acting as an anti-estrogen (Braun, Lesley Mark Cohen 127) Diets are especially effective when used to inhibit tumors that respond to hormones. The hormonal agents in the foods are used to control the hormonal levels in the body. Theoretically, the active components in foods and herbs can inhibit or stimulate tumor growth. A good example is the flavonoids found in nuts, fruits, vegetables and drinks such as coffee, tea and red wine. Flavonoid is believed to have free radical scavenging properties, which modify enzymes responsible for activating or detoxifying carcinogens. When such happens, protein -1, which acts as the transcription factor promoting tumor growth is inhibited and thus the tumor cannot grow (Braun and Marc 128). The only downside to dietary intervention in cancer prevention and treatment usually arise because the flavanoids in everyday food is very low, thus reducing the effect that everyday eating has on tumor growth. According to research carried out by the American Institute of cancer research in collaboration with the World Cancer Research Fund, it is possible that foods high in dietary fiber protect people against colorectal cancer (73). The research however doubts that these same foods have any protective properties against esophageal cancer. Indirectly however, the reports states that the only link between esophageal cancer and high fiber diet is that the foods have low energy density and thus do not contribute to much weight gain as other foods would. Weight gain is linked to obesity, which is believed to pose higher cancer levels (74) There is scientific probability that non starchy vegetable could protect people against cancers of the Stomach, esophagus, larynx, pharynx and mouth. However, any protective properties of these vegetables against lung cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer or nasopharynx cancer were ruled out (75). The report further states that evidence supporting alleged protective properties of carrots against cervical cancer was limited, while it is probable that garlic has anti-colorectal cancer properties. Soya products could protect against prostate and stomach cancers, while the risk of larynx, pharynx and mouth cancers reduced with fruit consumption. Folate rich foods lower the risk of colorectal and esophageal cancers, while lycopene rich foods fight prostate cancer Mind-body exercises The belief that one can influence the physical health by his/her mind is a long ingrained notion in most people’s mind. The conviction that most people holds such believes with has eventually led to the inclusion of mind-body exercises into mainstream medical procedures. Such include prayer and meditation. This belief suggests that a person is only as healthy as they allow themselves to be. Even when sick, the belief suggests that the course that the illness takes is fully dependent on one’s frame of mind (Rosenbaum 119). In Cancer treatment, the belief maintains that mental toughness plays a major role in overcoming malignancy. While conventional wisdom would suggest that prayer and meditation helps cancer patients handle psychological issues better, thus reducing stress and consequently increasing their survival rates, proponents of the healing powers of mind-body exercises believe otherwise. Though not proven through medical findings, cancer patients at times report getting healing after being prayed for. Proven benefits of the mind and body exercises reduce anxiety, mood disturbances and stress among the patients. In addition, the exercises help reduce chronic pain, nausea, vomiting and thus helps improve the overall quality of life among cancer patients. Hypnosis is also among the relaxation techniques that cancer patients use to control anxiety, distress, pain or depression (DeVita, T. Vincent Et al 2958) Mindfulness mediation is also among the most common mind-body exercise used by cancer patients. It involves the individual accepting and acknowledging his/her health status. Once this is accomplished, the patients are encouraged to speak out their feelings in a group therapy setting. With time, the patients learn to deal with stress, anxiety, depression and other psychological needs that arise when one learns that they have cancer. Manual healing This includes touch manipulation techniques a practiced by chiropractic doctors and osteopathic doctors. Hand massage is also effectively used to reduce stress and alleviate anxiety among cancer patients. Another common form of healing is the therapeutic touch common in North America. This too is used on cancer patients to clear their systems through the healer’s hands, which are placed above the patient’s head. The efficacy of this method is however not backed by any scientific evidence and the psychological benefits that patients acquire are thought to come from the concern expressed by the caregiver during therapy (Rosenbaum 122). Herbal medicines Most Herbal cancer treatment across the world has no scientific backing to prove that they indeed have anti-cancer properties. Despite this, cancer patients continue to use them in the hope that their health concerns will be alleviated. One such example is the Essiac, which is popular in North America. The product is banned in Canada, but can still be found in shops across the United States. Essiac is made of four herbs namely: Slippery elm, Sorrel, Turkey rhubarb and burdock. Proponents of this herbal remedy claim that Sheep Sorrel is beneficial to the endocrinal system, while Burdock gets rid of free radicals hence purifying the blood. On its part, the slippery elm is said to dissolve mucous deposits on nerve channels, glands, or tissue hence soothing the inflamed organs, while the Indian rhubarb is said to help the liver get rid of toxins (Cassie, M. Rene). In Europe, a diffirent cancer herbal remedy known as Iscador is also widely used as a folk medicine. Although it is not backed by any scientific evidenced, Iscador is widely used in Europe, something that made European governments to fund studies to prove the effectiveness of the herbal remedy. Aromatherapy This involves the use of essential oils to activate learned memories in a cancer patient. Often practiced during massage, aromatherapy has been known to increase the quality of life for most cancer patients. Evidence that aromatherapy helps reduce anxiety, blood pressure, pulse rate, pain and depression abounds in the medical circles (Yarbro, C. Henke 604) Antioxidants Research has proved that antioxidants have free radical scavenging properties. Since conventional cancer, treatment uses therapies such as antimebolites, radiation and alkalizing agents, this evidence has made the use of antioxidants more common among recovering cancer patients. Products with high anti oxidant properties include vitamin E, Vitamin C and Beta carotene. Some alternative medicine proponents believe that Vitamin C increases the survival rate for breast cancer patients (Yarbro 606). In addition, Yarbro and others states that men suffering from prostate cancer may have more survival chances by taking vitamin E supplements. It is however notes that the results of same treatment may vary between different person due to the amount of doses that each takes and the duration differences. Shark Cartilage The shark cartilage is got from the spiny-dogfish sharks and has been used as a cancer therapy for centuries now. The belief that the shark cartilage could heal cancer sprouted from observations to the effect that sharks do not get cancer. The main properties of the shark cartilage that makes it so popular are the potential anti tumor activities. They include the cartilage’s ability to stimulate the immune system, ability to kill cells directly and angiogenesis. Despite its popularity, health practitioners against using shark cartilages as a form of cancer treatment claiming that there is insufficient evidence t o support its efficacy or safety (Yabro 608). How to cite Alternative medicines for various forms of cancer, Papers

The Orgin Of The Species By Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Essays

The Orgin of the Species by Charles Darwin (1809-1882) The Orgin of the Species by Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Type of Work: Natural history text First Published 1859 Complete Title The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection , or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life Book Historical Commentary Charles Robert Darwin, the grandson of the English scientist Erasmus Darwin, studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and prepared for the ministry at Cambridge. Following his abiding interest in natural history, however, he became a naturalist and sailed in this capacity on the H.M.S. Beagle from 1831 to 1838. The Beagle's expedition took Darwin to various Southern Pacific islands and to the coasts of South America and Australia. Returning to England, Darwin became the secretary of the Geological Society and, in 1840, published a treatise, "Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle." At this time he met Sir Charles Lyell, who encouraged him to write about his inbreeding experiments and to expound on his theory of evolution by natural selection. Later, in 1844, Darwin received from a fellow naturalist, Alfred Wallace, notes outlining a theory - parallel to, but independent of, his own - on natural selection. Darwin carried on his research and, in 1858, published an essay delineating his own evolutionary theory along with Wallace's findings. The following year, The Origin of Species appeared. The book's first edition sold out in one day, stirring an immediate clamor of controversy. It is still recognized as one of the most disputed yet important works of biological study Darwin went on to publish The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants (1865), The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication (1868), The Descent of Man (1871), and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871). The Origin of Species has powerfully influenced nearly every contemporary field of scientific and philosophical study: biology, literature, law, psychology, sociology, theology, and other fields of intellectual pursuit. Despite the length and weighty content of Darwin's work, the text is remarkably easy reading. Unfortunately, through all the tempest and fanfare that have followed it for almost one and a half centuries, few have actually studied its pages. Text Summary Early on in Darwin's first five-year voyage on the Beagle, he observed that, despite the distances between the remote areas he visited, the varieties of flora and fauna he found were similar in structure and function. This led him to develop his idea that species were not immutable, but were forced to adapt to their ever-changing environments. In his introduction to the first edition of The Origin of Species, Darwin noted: "I was much struck with certain facts in the distribution of the [plant and animal] inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to throw some light on the origin of the species - that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers." After over twenty years of further research, Darwin published his findings. Like all scientists, Darwin built his theory upon those of his predecessors. However, scientific opinion was always and remains - somewhat divided as to what contribution the theory makes to the biological sciences. Throughout the book, Darwin openly admits to the possibility of error and the need for further investigation; he is careful to point out that the idea of evolution by natural selection is"one of long argument." To comprehend the vast amount of information contained in the work, one must examine it in its entirety. Still, this sampling of chapter headings and brief content summaries may provide some general information. Chapter II: Variation Under Nature Variations within a species are indistinguishable at first, but gradually may develop into differences that can restrict one group', range or ability to obtain food or escape predators ... Thus, "varieties tend to become converted into new and distinct species ... and throughout nature the forms of life which are now dominant tend to become still more dominant by leaving any modified and dominant descendants." Chapter III: Struggle for Existence "... When a plant or animal is placed in a new country amongst new competitors, the conditions of its life will generally be changed in an essential manner....... If its average numbers are to increase...... we should have to give it some advantage over a different set of competitors or enemies." Each organic being is striving to multiply to be vigorous, healthy, and to survive - often at the expense of members of its own species or those of a competing species. Chapter IV: Natural Selection; or the Survival of the Fittest The "fitness" of a species is modified by several different processes.